A Man Named D.B. Cooper

A Man Named D.B. Cooper

On the afternoon of the 24th of November, 1971, a man carrying a black attaché case and referred to himself as “Dan Cooper” entered the Portland International Airport and bought a one-way ticket on Flight #305; Portland, Oregon to Seattle, Washington. Cooper was assigned seat 18C and ordered a drink before takeoff.

Cooper was a white male, wearing a white shirt with a dark business suit and tie. He appeared to be in his mid-40’s and was a quiet man with little accent. Boarding the plane he drew no attention to himself.

The plane, a Boeing 727 aircraft, carried 42 occupants in total. 36 passengers (including Cooper), Captain William A. Scott, First Officer William “Bill” J. Rataczak, Flight Engineer Harold E. Anderson, and three flight attendants, Alice Hancock, Tina Mucklow, and Florence Schaffner.

The Hijacking

The aircraft left Portland on schedule at 2:50 pm PST. Shortly after, around 3:00 pm, Cooper handed flight attendant Schaffner a note. At the time, men traveling alone would usually hand flight attendants notes with phone numbers or hotel room numbers written on them, so Schaffner assumed it was only a business man’s phone number. Schaffner ignored the note, quietly slipping it unopened into her purse. The next time she passed, Cooper whispered to her, “Miss, you’d better look at that note. I have a bomb.”

The note read in neat handwriting, “Miss – I have a bomb in my briefcase and want you to sit by me.” The shocked attendant did as she was told. She then asked to see the bomb. Cooper opened his cheap case and showed a glimpse of two rows of four red sticks, which was presumed to be dynamite, all connected to a mass of wires that led to a cylindrical battery. Soon, Schaffner was walking to the captain with a new note of Cooper’s demands: $200,000 in negotiable American currency, two front parachutes, and two back parachutes, all given to him by 5:00 pm.

After reading the note, Captain Scott immediately contacted air traffic control. They then contacted the Seattle Police who contacted the FBI. The FBI urgently called the airline’s president, Donald Nyrop, who then stated to comply with the demands given by Cooper. After this, Cooper instructed the flight attendant to return the note to him, removing incriminating evidence and leaving the exact wording unknown, but everyone present agreed that the note contained the words, “no funny business”.

With Schaffner in the cockpit, Cooper moved to the window seat so that flight attendant Mucklow could sit in the isle to act as a liaison between them and the cockpit. Cooper told Mucklow to tell the captain to stay in the air until the money and parachutes were ready. He also made additional demands; when landing in Seattle, all passengers would remain onboard until Cooper had the money, then he would let them go. The plane circled Puget Sound for about 2 hours to give the FBI enough time to obtain the needed resources. While the plane was circling, Mucklow asked why Cooper was hijacking this airlines specifically. Cooper replied, “It’s not because I have a grudge against your airlines, it’s just because I have a grudge,” he stopped and said that this airlines just fulfilled his needs.

The $200,000 was received in $20 bills, with random serial numbers which complied with Cooper’s request. Every bill had a serial number starting with “L”, however, specifically planned by the FBI. Tacoma’s McChord Air Force Base offered to supply the parachutes, but Cooper rejected this offer; he wanted regular civilian parachutes, not military grade ones. Seattle Police eventually contacted a local skydiving school, and bought the two front parachutes from them. The two back parachutes were obtained from a local stunt pilot.

In the Sky Again

At 5:46 PST, the plane arrived in the Seattle-Tacoma airport. Cooper told them that only one representative was allowed to bring the money and parachutes, and the only entrance/exit would be the plane’s front door. When this played out to Coopers demands, Mucklow traveled to the front entrance to receive the supplies from Al Lee, Northwest Orient’s Seattle operations manager. The 36 passengers were then released, with Cooper keeping several crew members (flight attendants Hancock and Schaffner being an exception, as they requested to debark from the plane), and the plane took off for a set course to Mexico City.

Sometime after takeoff, Cooper asked Mucklow to lower the back aircraft stairs. Mucklow expressed her fear many times of doing this, to which Cooper replied saying he would do it himself. He instructed Mucklow to go to the cockpit and close the curtain partition between Coach and First Class. He told her to not return.

By 8:13 pm, the warning light for the aft staircase lit. Pilot William Scott asked if he needed assistance, with Cooper replying his final message anyone ever heard from him again, “No.” The plane’s tail pitch upwards, and Cooper jumped out of the aircraft with the parachutes and money, never to be seen again.

Cooper’s fate still remains a mystery to this day.

 

Sources: Wikipedia, FBI.gov, Crimemuseum

The Case of Sherri Rasmussen

The Case of Sherri Rasmussen

The Murder

On the evening of February 24th, 1986, John Ruetten would return home from work to find his wife, Sherri Rasmussen, laying dead on the floor. She was shot 3 times and had a bruise on her face, with a porcelain vase being broken over her head. Sherri also had a bite mark on her arm, that an investigator noticed and obtained a swab of, which was then determined to belong to a female. The case was eventually dropped, being decided as a burglary.

In 2009, however, Jim Nuttal and Pete Barba brought the case back up as their burglar theory was invalid, because of the female DNA. As they investigated the case, more evidence appeared that proved the burglar theory to be incorrect.

Another Investigation

The evidence, before the 2nd investigation, suggested that a struggle began upstairs between Sherri and the culprit, ending at the 1st floor with Sherri dying. More evidence appeared in the 2nd investigation that proved this wrong. At the top of the staircase was a pile of stereo equipment on top of a VCR. If the struggle first began upstairs, leading downstairs, the stack of the equipment would likely have been knocked over, however the equipment was standing upright. For this to happen, the culprit would have had to go back up the stairs and re-stack the pile of the equipment. This is very unlikely to happen as when a burglar succeeds, their main priority is most likely to flee as soon as possible, proving that there was no burglar.

To support this theory, a fingerprint was found on the stack of equipment, but it had no print, suggesting that the culprit had gloves on. The blood was later proved to be Sherri’s, meaning that after she was shot, the culprit stacked the stereo equipment at the top of the stairs to make the case look bigger than what it really was.

From this, the detectives narrowed down their suspects to five females. One of these suspects was a woman named Stephanie Lazarus.

Stephanie Lazarus

Stephanie had dated John before Sherri. Both had never considered that they had major relationships. A bit into their relationship, John had accepted a job to be a hard drive manufacturer, and Stephanie had applied to be a LAPD uniformed officer, and was accepted.

Eventually, John had met Sherri and was then dating her behind Stephanie’s back. Stephanie later learned that John and Sherri have had a serious relationship. Stephanie wrote to John’s mother, “I wish it didn’t end the way it did, and I don’t think I’ll ever understand his decision.”

During John and Sherri’s engagement, Stephanie would often visit the apartment that John and Sherri shared. Stephanie would make excuses like her skies needed waxing. Sherri was bothered by Stephanie’s visits and was beginning to question their relationship. She eventually asked John to tell Stephanie to stop the visits. John responded to her cries by saying that, “They were just friends” and “You should just ignore her.”

It eventually escalated even farther. Stephanie would start to stalk Sherri on the streets. According to Sherri’s father, Nels Rasmussen, Stephanie would visit Sherri in her office and tell her that her relationship with John was not over, and “If I can’t have John, no one else will.”

The two detectives, Jim and Pete, learned that Stephanie was a LAPD Officer, and had been promoted to work on art theft cases as a detective. She was one of the only two detectives in the nation’s full time unit that were devoted to this specialty. She was noted as one of the least promising suspects by the detectives, however, since Stephanie was still in the department, they had to work carefully.

As the investigation continued, they narrowed down the suspects as more evidence appeared. At the end of this, the only suspect left on the list was Stephanie. Now they had to be extra careful; they referred to Stephanie as “No. 5” and would only work after hours.

They proceeded to look into details about Stephanie’s life back in the mid-80’s. They gathered intel from another detective and learned that at the time, the weapon that most officers would use as a backup was a .38. Stephanie used that type of gun. Jim and Pete then supposed that the best time to commit a murder like this, while working for the LAPD, was to commit it on a day off. Sherri had been murdered on one of Stephanie’s days off.

To add even more to the evidence, the murder weapon had been disposed of after the crime. For a police officer to lose or dispose of a major weapon would cause severe penalties, so using a backup weapon would be the obvious choice. As stated before, Stephanie had the same type of backup weapon that was used in the crime.

It was now clear to Jim and Pete that Stephanie was the murderer, but they had to prove it. They worked discreetly and informed superiors about the investigation. The detectives wanted to take a DNA sample from Stephanie. When Stephanie disposed of a cup that she had been drinking from, the detectives swiped a DNA sample from it. When tested, the DNA had matched the DNA from the bite mark on Sherri’s arm. They had found the culprit.

The Arrest

With the careful planning for the arrest, officers waited outside of Stephanie’s home. A short time after they had all lined outside, they received a call from the department headquarters. They requested that the officers would wait at the headquarters instead of Stephanie’s house, as she would be required to give up her equipment there. This would limit the risk of Stephanie retaliation when learning that she was the prime suspect of the murder.

When she arrived, she was asked to talk in an investigation room just to “tie some loose ends” in the Sherri Rasmussen case. While the interrogation went on, she said she didn’t remember most things about the case, since it had been many years since, but seemed to remember some. She admitted to visiting Sherri’s office and seeing John at his condo. The interrogation eventually escalated to the point where Stephanie decided to leave the room altogether. While walking down the hallway, she was met with officers that swiftly put her under arrest.

In early 2012, the trial began for Stephanie. The prosecutors accused that the murder was committed over jealousy from Sherri’s relationship with John. Defense said that Stephanie’s friends denied that she had any violence towards the failed relationship with John. They called their last witness who said that some fingerprints found in the investigation did not belong to Stephanie.

Prosecution showed the jury photos of Sherri and her found body. They said the fight wasn’t fair. The prosecutors reminded that there was no alibi for Stephanie at the time of the murder. Some time in March, Stephanie Lazarus, was convicted of first degree murder. She was sentenced to 27 years to life in prison. She is currently serving her sentence in the California Institution for Women in Corona.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Sherri_Rasmussen

The Reid Technique – interrogation made easy

The Reid Technique – interrogation made easy

The Reid Technique is a 9 step police interrogation method, which is the final phase of a 3 phase interrogation process.

The Confrontation

The detective starts the interrogation by presenting evidence, whether it be real or fake, on why the police have led to the decision that the suspect is in fact a suspect. The detective can move throughout the room and invade the suspect’s personal space. They present the evidence in confidence the entire time. The suspect’s level of stress may start to increase. They may start fidgeting or grooming themselves as well.

The Justification

The detective, in a soothing or soft voice to lure the suspect into a false sense of security, establishes stories or themes on why the suspect might have committed the crime. The detective could move the blame away from the suspect, and put it onto another person’s circumstances that could justify why the suspect committed the crime. The detective looks for excuses that may be brought up from the suspect many times. The theme or story that the detective brings up may change to see if the suspect likes one scenario more than another. For example, if the suspect nods their head, or if they seem to pay more attention during one scenario than the other.

Denial Interruption

During the entire investigation, the suspect may start producing denial of any guilt. Detectives need to stop this as it could increase the suspect’s confidence. The detective will kindly interrupt the suspect in their denial, saying things like they will be given a turn to talk in a moment, but right now they need to listen. A low amount of denials tells the detective that there is an sign of guilt, and they are on the right track to getting the suspect to confess.

Overruling objections

Once the suspect fully latches onto a story that the detective produced, the suspect may begin to throw out objections. The detective should treat these differently than simple denials, and should try to turn them against the suspect. They use the opportunity to get the suspect to move towards the acknowledgement of their crime. When done correctly, the suspect’s objection can be turned into an admission of guilt.

Reinforcing Security

At this point, the suspect may begin to feel unsure, and start to be unreceptive. The detective should start the phase of reinforcing security. The detective starts to pretend to be the suspect’s ally, and will act more sincere. The detective may use physical gestures such as patting the suspects back, or putting his hand on their shoulder.

Indications of Surrender

The suspect could begin to buckle under the stress. They could hunch their shoulders, or put their head in their hands. To increase the level of stress in the suspect, the detective may make eye contact with the suspect. If the suspect begins to cry, this indicates to the detective an indicator of guilt. The detective will use these insecurities to transition to the next step, which are the two alternatives.

The Two Alternatives

The detective proposes two alternatives on why the suspect might have committed the crime. One alternative is more socially acceptable to society, so the suspect is expected to choose that one. It doesn’t matter which alternative the suspect chooses, as they both admit guilt. The detective hides a third alternative from the suspect, which is where the suspect maintains that they did not commit the crime.

Bringing Witnesses

The detective is then ready for the admission of guilt. Yet, before that can happen, the detective brings in one or more witnesses.  Sometimes the detective steps out entirely and makes the suspect confess to a different person. All this is done to keep the suspect’s stress level high provides a way for the truth to come out from the suspect easily.

The Confession

At the end of the interrogation, the detective records the suspect’s admission. This can be done by video, audio, or any other means of recording.

TL;DR

The Reid Technique is a common and easy tool that detectives use for interrogation. It’s many steps work together to increase the suspect’s stress level and to get closer to a confession. Although it is a very common tool, it is not 100% fool proof and has led to false confessions. In conclusion, The Reid Technique is a high risk, high reward method of interrogation.

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